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Understanding Tibet

Sources & References

Every fact, figure and statement in Understanding Tibet is drawn from the publications listed here, chapter by chapter. Photo credits stay with their photographs.

A page of an illustrated Tibetan manuscript on medicinal plants
Photo: Tibetan plant manuscript · Wellcome Collection · CC BY 4.0

Before the 20th century: Historical Status of Tibet and its Empire

14 sources, one entry each; titles open the original.

Conservation assessments and listings

  1. Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa UNESCO World Heritage Centre · 1994 (extended 2000, 2001)

Central Tibetan Administration

  1. Glimpses on History of Tibet Central Tibetan Administration (CTA)

News and media

  1. The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics (Policy Studies 7) Elliot Sperling / East-West Center Washington · 2004
  2. Tibet: A History Sam van Schaik / Yale University Press · 2011

Reference works

  1. Amban Encyclopaedia Britannica
  2. Atisa Encyclopaedia Britannica
  3. Buddhism: Tibet, Mongolia and the Himalayan kingdoms Encyclopaedia Britannica
  4. Dalai Lama Encyclopaedia Britannica
  5. Dge-lugs-pa (Gelug) Encyclopaedia Britannica
  6. Srong-brtsan-sgam-po (Songtsen Gampo) Encyclopaedia Britannica
  7. Tibet: 14th to 19th century Encyclopaedia Britannica
  8. Tibet: Disunity, 9th to 14th century Encyclopaedia Britannica
  9. Tibet: History Encyclopaedia Britannica
  10. Tibetan Buddhism Encyclopaedia Britannica

The 20th century: The Sino-Tibetan Conflict

61 sources, one entry each; titles open the original.

Central Tibetan Administration

  1. 2008 Uprising in Tibet: Chronology and Analysis Department of Information and International Relations, Central Tibetan Administration · 2010
  2. Charter of the Tibetans in Exile Central Tibetan Administration (CTA) · 1991
  3. China's Human Rights Violations in Tibet discussed at UNHRC Central Tibetan Administration (CTA) · 2008-06-11
  4. Fact Sheet on Tibetan Self-Immolation Protests in Tibet Since February 2009 Central Tibetan Administration (CTA) · 2022
  5. From the Heart of the Panchen Lama: Major Speeches and a Petition, 1962–1989 Central Tibetan Administration (CTA) · 1998
  6. Glimpses on History of Tibet Central Tibetan Administration (CTA)
  7. His Holiness the Dalai Lama Central Tibetan Administration (CTA)
  8. Map of Tibet Central Tibetan Administration (CTA)
  9. Remembering Tibet During The Great Thirteenth Dalai Lama Central Tibetan Administration (CTA)
  10. The Dalai Lama’s China Experience and Its Impact Central Tibetan Administration (CTA)
  11. The Tibetan National Flag Central Tibetan Administration (CTA)
  12. Tibet Was Never a Part of China but the Middle Way Approach Remains a Viable Solution (2nd edition) Department of Information and International Relations, Central Tibetan Administration · 2025-12
  13. Tibet, Tibetan Refugees and the Way Ahead Central Tibetan Administration (CTA)
  14. Tibet: An Overview of China’s Oppression and Sino-Tibet Conflict (Handbook for the International Tibet Youth Forum) Department of Information and International Relations, Central Tibetan Administration · June 2024
  15. Tibetan National Flag Tibet Museum, Dharamsala (CTA)
  16. Tibet’s Panchen Lama: 25 Years After Central Tibetan Administration (CTA)

Reports and official documents

  1. 'Educate the Masses to Change Their Minds': China's Coercive Relocation of Rural Tibetans Human Rights Watch · 2024-05-22
  2. About Tibet Students for a Free Tibet
  3. China: 'Vocational training' programmes threaten Tibetan identity, carry risk of forced labour, say UN experts UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights · 2023-04-27
  4. China: UN experts alarmed by separation of 1 million Tibetan children from families and forced assimilation at residential schools UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights · 2023-02-06
  5. Chinese occupation of Tibet Free Tibet
  6. Gedhun Choekyi Nyima: the XIth Panchen Lama of Tibet Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy
  7. General Assembly resolution 2079 (XX), Question of Tibet United Nations · 1965-12-18
  8. History Leading Up to March 10, 1959 International Campaign for Tibet · 2013-01-11
  9. ICT mourns passing of Tibet activist Lobga Rangzen following first Tibetan self-immolation on US soil International Campaign for Tibet · 2026-07-03
  10. Question of Tibet: General Assembly resolution 1353 (XIV) United Nations Digital Library · 1959-10-21
  11. Question of Tibet: General Assembly resolution 1723 (XVI) United Nations Digital Library · 1961-12-20
  12. TCHRD calls for internalization of democratic culture on Tibetan Democracy Day Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy · 2014-09-02
  13. The 13th Dalai Lama and Tibet International Campaign for Tibet
  14. The Question of Tibet and the Rule of Law International Commission of Jurists · 1959
  15. Tibet and the Chinese People's Republic: Report of the Legal Inquiry Committee on Tibet International Commission of Jurists · 1960-07
  16. Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile
  17. UN experts alarmed by reports of forced labour of Uyghur, Tibetan and other minorities across China UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights · 2026-01-22
  18. World Report 2026: China Human Rights Watch · 2026

News and media

  1. 30 Years of Resistance: The Legacy of the 1987 Lhasa Protests Tibet Watch · 2017
  2. 70 Years of Struggle Tibetan Youth Congress
  3. A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951 Melvyn C. Goldstein / University of California Press · 1989
  4. Beijing's Tibet Policy: Securing Sovereignty and Legitimacy (Policy Studies 4) Allen Carlson / East-West Center Washington · 2004
  5. China: Authorities must end interference in Tibetan religious practices as Dalai Lama announces succession plan Amnesty International · 2025-07-02
  6. China: New 'ethnic unity' law set to entrench assimilation of minority groups Amnesty International · 2026-06-30
  7. Chinese Intrusion Tibetan Youth Congress
  8. Chronology of Events The Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama
  9. Colonisation Tibetan Youth Congress
  10. Lifting of Martial Law in Tibet May Not Ease Persecution The Christian Science Monitor · 1990-05-02
  11. Press release: First Tibetan passport recovered from Nepal Friends of Tibet (India) · 2004-03-31
  12. The Dragon in the Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947 Tsering Shakya / Columbia University Press · 1999
  13. The McMahon Line: A hundred years on Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses · 2014
  14. The Middle Way Approach Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama
  15. The Tibet Album: British Photography in Central Tibet 1920-1950 Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford / British Museum
  16. The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics (Policy Studies 7) Elliot Sperling / East-West Center Washington · 2004
  17. Tibet Before 1959 Tibetan Youth Congress
  18. Tibet Oral History Archive Project Case Western Reserve University
  19. Tibet: A History Sam van Schaik / Yale University Press · 2011
  20. Tibet: Freedom in the World 2026 Freedom House · 2026
  21. Tibetan Children's Villages

Reference works

  1. 14th Dalai Lama Encyclopaedia Britannica
  2. Cultural Revolution Encyclopaedia Britannica
  3. Tibet summary Encyclopaedia Britannica
  4. Tibet: 14th to 19th century Encyclopaedia Britannica
  5. Tibet: Government and society Encyclopaedia Britannica
  6. Tibet: History Encyclopaedia Britannica

The present and the path forward: Present Situation and the Path Forward

57 sources, one entry each; titles open the original.

Central Tibetan Administration

  1. 17 October – A day to remember in Tibetan freedom struggle Central Tibetan Administration · October 2021
  2. 2008 Uprising in Tibet: Chronology and Analysis Department of Information and International Relations, Central Tibetan Administration · 2010
  3. Fact Sheet on Tibetan Self-Immolation Protests in Tibet Since February 2009 Central Tibetan Administration (CTA) · 2022
  4. International Resolutions & Recognition on Sino-Tibetan Dialogue Central Tibetan Administration
  5. International Resolutions and Recognition on Tibet (1959 to 2004) Central Tibetan Administration (Department of Information and International Relations) · 2004
  6. Introduction to the Nature, Evolution and Achievement of the Middle-Way Policy Central Tibetan Administration (Kashag) · 2010
  7. Memorandum on Genuine Autonomy for the Tibetan People Central Tibetan Administration (CTA) · 2008-11
  8. Note on the Memorandum on Genuine Autonomy for the Tibetan People Central Tibetan Administration · January 2010
  9. Parliament Amends Charter on Devolution of His Holiness the Dalai Lama's Formal Authority Central Tibetan Administration (CTA) · 2011-05
  10. Renewed Contacts (2002–2010) Central Tibetan Administration
  11. Stalemate in Dialogue (1990–1993) Central Tibetan Administration
  12. Tibet Was Never a Part of China but the Middle Way Approach Remains a Viable Solution (2nd edition) Department of Information and International Relations, Central Tibetan Administration · 2025-12
  13. US President Trump signs Tibetan Policy and Support bill; CTA is recognized and funding for Tibet provided Central Tibetan Administration · December 2020

Reports and official documents

  1. 'Educate the Masses to Change Their Minds': China's Coercive Relocation of Rural Tibetans Human Rights Watch · 2024-05-22
  2. 'Start with the Youngest Children': China's Use of Preschools to 'Integrate' Tibetans Human Rights Watch · 2026-05-04
  3. Celebrating 20 years of the Tibetan Policy Act International Campaign for Tibet · 29 September 2022
  4. China: 'Vocational training' programmes threaten Tibetan identity, carry risk of forced labour, say UN experts UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights · 2023-04-27
  5. China: Free Detained Tibetan Demonstrators Human Rights Watch · 2024-02-28
  6. China: UN experts alarmed by separation of 1 million Tibetan children from families and forced assimilation at residential schools UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights · 2023-02-06
  7. China: Witnesses Lift Veil on Abuses by Security Forces in Tibet Human Rights Watch · 2010-07-21
  8. Chinese Government Report Confirms Police Fired on 2008 Lhasa Protest Radio Free Asia · 2014-08-22
  9. Denials, smokescreens and misleading information: Chinese government attempts to distort its record on Tibet at UN committee hearing International Campaign for Tibet (Europe) · 2018-08
  10. Disaster in Gyama draws attention to impact of mining in Tibet International Campaign for Tibet · 2013
  11. Free Tibet, issue 50 Free Tibet · July 2008
  12. General Assembly resolution 2079 (XX), Question of Tibet United Nations · 1965-12-18
  13. His Holiness the Dalai Lama at the US Capitol (Five Point Peace Plan) International Campaign for Tibet
  14. ICT mourns passing of Tibet activist Lobga Rangzen following first Tibetan self-immolation on US soil International Campaign for Tibet · 2026-07-03
  15. New Tibet Autonomous Region Party Secretary vows to prioritize national security and 'stability', deepen 'anti-separatist struggle' International Campaign for Tibet · 2026-09-28
  16. Our History Students for a Free Tibet
  17. Question of Tibet: General Assembly resolution 1353 (XIV) United Nations Digital Library · 1959-10-21
  18. Question of Tibet: General Assembly resolution 1723 (XVI) United Nations Digital Library · 1961-12-20
  19. The Question of Tibet (Yearbook of the United Nations, 1959) United Nations · 1960
  20. The Question of Tibet and the Rule of Law International Commission of Jurists · 1959
  21. The Tibetan Policy and Support Act: How a bill becomes a law International Campaign for Tibet
  22. Tibet and the Chinese People's Republic: Report of the Legal Inquiry Committee on Tibet International Commission of Jurists · 1960-07
  23. Tibet Reciprocal Access bill becomes law, marking new era in US-China relationship and US support for Tibetans International Campaign for Tibet · 19 December 2018
  24. Timelines of Tibet’s history Free Tibet
  25. UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights committee addresses China's assimilation of Tibetans International Campaign for Tibet · 2023-03
  26. UN General Assembly Resolutions on Tibet International Campaign for Tibet
  27. UNHRC commissioner warns China's ethnic unity law threatens minority identities The Tribune (India) · 2026-06-22
  28. World Report 2026: China Human Rights Watch · 2026

News and media

  1. As Tibet becomes Xizang, Delhi faces a new concern Shiv Nadar University, Centre of Excellence for Himalayan Studies · 2023-11-28
  2. China must urgently address rights violations in Tibet - UN rights chief (UN News, mirrored) UN News / GlobalSecurity.org · 2012-11-02
  3. China passes 'ethnic unity' law critics say threatens minority rights JURIST · 2026-03-14
  4. China: Authorities must end interference in Tibetan religious practices as Dalai Lama announces succession plan Amnesty International · 2025-07-02
  5. China: New 'ethnic unity' law set to entrench assimilation of minority groups Amnesty International · 2026-06-30
  6. Dalai Lama celebrates 90th birthday with followers in north Indian town Al Jazeera · 2025-07-06
  7. Dalai Lama says his institution will continue, Trust will identify successor (PTI) The Week (India) · 2025-07-02
  8. Explained: China's 'ethnic unity and progress promotion' law Radio Free Asia · 2026-07-24
  9. Press statement on the ninth round of dialogue Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama · 2010
  10. Statement Affirming the Continuation of the Institution of Dalai Lama Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama · 2025-07-02
  11. Statement from President Joe Biden on S. 138, the Promoting a Resolution to the Tibet-China Dispute Act The White House (archived) · 2024-07-12
  12. The Dragon in the Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947 Tsering Shakya / Columbia University Press · 1999
  13. The Middle Way Approach Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama
  14. The Nobel Peace Prize 1989 NobelPrize.org · 1989-10-05
  15. Thousands of Tibetans and supporters rally on Capitol Hill to protest Xi's state visit Phayul · 2026-09-25

Reference works

  1. 14th Dalai Lama Encyclopaedia Britannica

Land and geography

66 sources, one entry each; titles open the original.

Conservation assessments and listings

  1. Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa UNESCO World Heritage Centre · 1994 (extended 2000, 2001)
  2. Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas UNESCO World Heritage Centre · 2003

Research publications

  1. A new map of permafrost distribution on the Tibetan Plateau Zou et al., The Cryosphere 11: 2527-2542 · 2017
  2. Different glacier status with atmospheric circulations in Tibetan Plateau and surroundings Yao et al., Nature Climate Change · 2012
  3. Draining Effects on Recent Accumulation Rates of C and N in Zoige Alpine Peatland in the Tibetan Plateau Li et al., Water 10(5): 576 · 2018-04-28
  4. Grassland degradation on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: reevaluation of causative factors Cao et al., Rangeland Ecology & Management (record at University of Southern Queensland) · 2019
  5. Rangeland degradation on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau: a review of the evidence of its magnitude and causes Harris, R.B., Journal of Arid Environments 74(1): 1-12 · 2010
  6. Recent Third Pole's rapid warming accompanies cryospheric melt and water cycle intensification and interactions between monsoon and environment Yao et al., Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 100(3): 423-444 (record at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) · 2019
  7. Scientists rank world's most important, most threatened mountain water towers (on Immerzeel et al., Nature 2020) International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) · 2019-12
  8. Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, Chapter 2: High Mountain Areas Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) · 2019
  9. The Kobresia pygmaea ecosystem of the Tibetan highlands: origin, functioning and degradation of the world's largest pastoral alpine ecosystem Miehe et al., Science of the Total Environment 648: 754-771 (record at Penn State) · 2019
  10. Water Changes and Sources of Siling Co Using Landsat and GRACE Data since 1972 Wang et al., Journal of Earth Science 35(2): 687-699 · 2024

Central Tibetan Administration

  1. China's Human Rights Violations in Tibet discussed at UNHRC Central Tibetan Administration (CTA) · 2008-06-11
  2. Forestry in Tibet: Problems and Solutions (archived copy of the CTA's tibet.com environment pages) Central Tibetan Administration (CTA), Department of Information and International Relations · 2000-12-12
  3. Glimpses on History of Tibet Central Tibetan Administration (CTA)
  4. Map of Tibet Central Tibetan Administration (CTA)
  5. The (degrading) third pole (Tenzin Norbu, Environment and Development Desk; first published in Seminar 644) Central Tibetan Administration (CTA), Department of Information and International Relations · 2013
  6. Tibet at a Glance Central Tibetan Administration (CTA)
  7. Tibet Was Never a Part of China but the Middle Way Approach Remains a Viable Solution (2nd edition) Department of Information and International Relations, Central Tibetan Administration · 2025-12

Reports and official documents

  1. "No One Has the Liberty to Refuse": Tibetan Herders Forcibly Relocated in Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, and the Tibet Autonomous Region Human Rights Watch · 2007-06
  2. 'Educate the Masses to Change Their Minds': China's Coercive Relocation of Rural Tibetans Human Rights Watch · 2024-05-22
  3. About Tibet Students for a Free Tibet
  4. Landmark report on impacts of disappearing snow and ice in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HI-WISE) International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) · 2023-06-20
  5. The world has a third pole - and it's melting quickly The Guardian · 2019-09-15

News and media

  1. 509 glaciers in 'Third Pole' disappeared in last 50 years Down To Earth · 2016-08-19
  2. About Tibet (archived snapshot) International Tibet Network · 2025-04-09
  3. As Tibet becomes Xizang, Delhi faces a new concern Shiv Nadar University, Centre of Excellence for Himalayan Studies · 2023-11-28
  4. China approves construction of world's largest hydropower dam in Tibet Water Power Magazine · 2024-12
  5. Han Chinese population shares in Tibet: early insights from the 2020 census of China Andrew M. Fischer, N-IUSSP · 2021-12-20
  6. In Tibet, a 'Holy' Lake Is Site of Hydro Project The Christian Science Monitor · 1996-10-07
  7. Mount Everest is officially taller than previously thought CNN · 2020-12-08

Reference works

  1. Amne Machin Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  2. Arun River (China-Nepal) Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  3. Assam Himalayas (Namcha Barwa) Encyclopaedia Britannica
  4. Bayan Har Mountains Encyclopaedia Britannica
  5. Brahmaputra River Encyclopaedia Britannica
  6. Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Encyclopaedia Britannica
  7. Hengduan Mountains Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  8. Indus River: Hydrology Encyclopaedia Britannica
  9. Kailas Range Encyclopaedia Britannica
  10. Karnali River Encyclopaedia Britannica
  11. Koko Nor (Qinghai Lake) Encyclopaedia Britannica
  12. Kunlun Mountains Encyclopaedia Britannica
  13. Lake Mapam (Manasarovar) Encyclopaedia Britannica
  14. Lake Nam (Namtso) Encyclopaedia Britannica
  15. Lhasa River Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  16. Lohit River Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  17. Mount Kailas Encyclopaedia Britannica
  18. Namcha Barwa Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  19. Nyainqêntanglha Mountains Encyclopaedia Britannica
  20. Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  21. Plateau of Tibet Encyclopaedia Britannica
  22. Qinghai Encyclopaedia Britannica
  23. Shishapangma Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  24. Siling Lake Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  25. Srong-brtsan-sgam-po (Songtsen Gampo) Encyclopaedia Britannica
  26. Sutlej River Encyclopaedia Britannica
  27. Tanggula Mountains Encyclopaedia Britannica
  28. Tibet Autonomous Region Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  29. Tibet summary Encyclopaedia Britannica
  30. Tibet: 14th to 19th century Encyclopaedia Britannica
  31. Xixabangma Feng (Shishapangma) Encyclopaedia Britannica
  32. Yalong River Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  33. Yamdrok Hydropower Station Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  34. Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  35. Zoigê Marsh Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)

Culture and the flag

22 sources, one entry each; titles open the original.

Conservation assessments and listings

  1. Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa UNESCO World Heritage Centre · 1994 (extended 2000, 2001)

Central Tibetan Administration

  1. 2008 Uprising in Tibet: Chronology and Analysis Department of Information and International Relations, Central Tibetan Administration · 2010
  2. Glimpses on History of Tibet Central Tibetan Administration (CTA)
  3. The Tibetan National Flag Central Tibetan Administration (CTA)
  4. Tibetan National Flag Tibet Museum, Dharamsala (CTA)

Reports and official documents

  1. 'Start with the Youngest Children': China's Use of Preschools to 'Integrate' Tibetans Human Rights Watch · 2026-05-04
  2. About Tibet Students for a Free Tibet

News and media

  1. About Tibet (archived snapshot) International Tibet Network · 2025-04-09
  2. About us Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts
  3. Buddhist Digital Resource Center BDRC
  4. Colonisation Tibetan Youth Congress
  5. High Peaks Pure Earth
  6. History Norbulingka Institute
  7. Lum medicinal bathing of Sowa Rigpa UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage · 2018
  8. Project Himalayan Art Rubin Museum of Art
  9. The Dragon in the Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947 Tsering Shakya / Columbia University Press · 1999
  10. The Tibetan and Himalayan Library University of Virginia
  11. Tibet: A History Sam van Schaik / Yale University Press · 2011
  12. Tibetan opera UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage · 2009

Reference works

  1. Dge-lugs-pa (Gelug) Encyclopaedia Britannica
  2. Srong-brtsan-sgam-po (Songtsen Gampo) Encyclopaedia Britannica
  3. Tibetan Buddhism Encyclopaedia Britannica

Tibetans in exile

18 sources, one entry each; titles open the original.

Central Tibetan Administration

  1. Charter of the Tibetans in Exile Central Tibetan Administration (CTA) · 1991
  2. Glimpses on History of Tibet Central Tibetan Administration (CTA)
  3. Tibet in Exile Central Tibetan Administration (CTA)
  4. Tibetan National Flag Tibet Museum, Dharamsala (CTA)

Reports and official documents

  1. About Tibet Students for a Free Tibet
  2. Planning Commission releases report on Tibetan demographic survey Phayul · 2010-12-04
  3. TCHRD calls for internalization of democratic culture on Tibetan Democracy Day Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy · 2014-09-02
  4. Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile
  5. Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile gets 17 new faces The Tribune (India) · 2026

News and media

  1. 70 Years of Struggle Tibetan Youth Congress
  2. About us Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts
  3. Chinese Intrusion Tibetan Youth Congress
  4. History Norbulingka Institute
  5. Library of Tibetan Works and Archives
  6. Over 66,000 Tibetans in Indian subcontinent: CTA population census Phayul · 2022-08-10
  7. President Penpa Tsering re-elected with decisive mandate, secures over 61% in preliminary poll Phayul · 2026-02-13
  8. Thousands of Tibetans and supporters rally on Capitol Hill to protest Xi's state visit Phayul · 2026-09-25
  9. Tibetan Children's Villages

Environment

12 sources, one entry each; titles open the original.

Conservation assessments and listings

  1. Qinghai Hoh Xil UNESCO World Heritage Centre · 2017

Research publications

  1. Different glacier status with atmospheric circulations in Tibetan Plateau and surroundings Yao et al., Nature Climate Change · 2012
  2. Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, Chapter 2: High Mountain Areas Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) · 2019

Central Tibetan Administration

  1. Tibet at a Glance Central Tibetan Administration (CTA)

Reports and official documents

  1. 'Educate the Masses to Change Their Minds': China's Coercive Relocation of Rural Tibetans Human Rights Watch · 2024-05-22
  2. About Tibet Students for a Free Tibet
  3. China: Free Detained Tibetan Demonstrators Human Rights Watch · 2024-02-28
  4. Chinese occupation of Tibet Free Tibet
  5. Disaster in Gyama draws attention to impact of mining in Tibet International Campaign for Tibet · 2013
  6. Landmark report on impacts of disappearing snow and ice in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HI-WISE) International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) · 2023-06-20

News and media

  1. China Kicks Off Controversial Mega-Dam Project in Tibet Bloomberg · 2025-07-19
  2. Colonisation Tibetan Youth Congress

Wildlife

126 sources, one entry each; titles open the original.

Conservation assessments and listings

  1. Ailuropoda melanoleuca: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2016
  2. Ailurus fulgens: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2015
  3. Anser indicus: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2018
  4. Aquila chrysaetos: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2021
  5. Bos mutus: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2016
  6. Budorcas taxicolor: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2008
  7. Bufo tibetanus: IUCN Red List assessment by Liang and Changyuan (2004) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2004
  8. Buteo hemilasius: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2018
  9. Canis lupus ssp. chanco: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2023
  10. Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2018
  11. Crossoptilon crossoptilon: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2024
  12. Crossoptilon harmani: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2024
  13. Equus kiang: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2015
  14. Falco cherrug: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2021
  15. Glyptosternon maculatum: IUCN Red List assessment (species record) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2010
  16. Grus nigricollis: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2020
  17. Gypaetus barbatus: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2021
  18. Gyps himalayensis: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2017
  19. Hemitragus jemlahicus: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2020
  20. Ibidorhyncha struthersii: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2016
  21. Lepus oiostolus: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2019
  22. Lerwa lerwa: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2016
  23. Lophophorus lhuysii: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2022
  24. Lynx lynx: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2015
  25. Marmota himalayana: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2016
  26. Melanocorypha maxima: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2017
  27. Montifringilla henrici: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2024
  28. Moschus chrysogaster: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2016
  29. Nanorana parkeri: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2004
  30. Ochotona curzoniae: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2019
  31. Otocolobus manul: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2020
  32. Ovis ammon: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2020
  33. Oxygymnocypris stewartii: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2010
  34. Panthera uncia: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2017
  35. Pantholops hodgsonii: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2016
  36. Perdix hodgsoniae: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2016
  37. Phrynocephalus theobaldi: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2021
  38. Phrynocephalus vlangalii: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2019
  39. Podiceps cristatus: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2019
  40. Procapra picticaudata: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2016
  41. Procapra przewalskii: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2016
  42. Przewalskium albirostris (Cervus albirostris): IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2015
  43. Pseudois nayaur: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2014
  44. Pseudopodoces humilis: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2017
  45. Ptychobarbus dipogon: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2010
  46. Qinghai Hoh Xil UNESCO World Heritage Centre · 2017
  47. Rhinopithecus bieti: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2020
  48. Rhinopithecus roxellana: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2021
  49. Schizopygopsis przewalskii: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2024
  50. Schizothorax waltoni: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2010
  51. Scutiger boulengeri: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2004
  52. Syrrhaptes tibetanus: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2016
  53. Tadorna ferruginea: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2016
  54. Tetraogallus tibetanus: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2016
  55. Thermophis baileyi: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2024
  56. Triplophysa stolickai: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2022
  57. Ursus arctos: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2017
  58. Vulpes ferrilata: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2014

Research publications

  1. Role of Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in snow leopard conservation Li et al., Conservation Biology 28(1): 87-94 · 2014
  2. The demise of caterpillar fungus in the Himalayan region due to climate change and overharvesting Hopping, Chignell and Lambin, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 2018-10
  3. The plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) is a keystone species for biodiversity on the Tibetan plateau Smith and Foggin, Animal Conservation 2: 235-240 · 1999
  4. Thitarodes shambalaensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae): a new host of the caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis supported by genome-wide SNP data Wang, Zhuang, Wang and Pierce, ZooKeys 885: 89-113 · 2019
  5. Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide Williams et al., European Journal of Taxonomy 719: 1-120 · 2020

Central Tibetan Administration

  1. Tibet at a Glance Central Tibetan Administration (CTA)

News and media

  1. Wild birds could spread H5N1 virus beyond Asia, reports say CIDRAP, University of Minnesota · 2005-07-06

Reference works

  1. Alpine musk deer Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  2. Argali Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  3. Bar-headed goose Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  4. Bearded vulture Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  5. Bharal Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  6. Black-and-white snub-nosed monkey Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  7. Black-necked crane Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  8. Brown-headed gull Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  9. Bumblebee Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  10. Chinese monal Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  11. Eurasian lynx Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  12. Giant panda Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  13. Glyptosternon maculatum FishBase
  14. Goa (antelope) Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  15. Golden eagle Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  16. Golden snub-nosed monkey Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  17. Great crested grebe Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  18. Ground tit Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  19. Himalayan marmot Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  20. Himalayan tahr Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  21. Himalayan vulture Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  22. Himalayan wolf Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  23. Ibisbill Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  24. Kiang Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  25. Nanorana parkeri Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  26. Oxygymnocypris Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  27. Pallas's cat Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  28. Parnassius epaphus Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  29. Phrynocephalus theobaldi Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  30. Phrynocephalus vlangalii Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  31. Plateau pika Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  32. Przewalski's gazelle Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  33. Ptychobarbus dipogon Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  34. Red panda Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  35. Ruddy shelduck Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  36. Saker falcon Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  37. Schizopygopsis przewalskii Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  38. Schizothorax waltoni Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  39. Scutiger boulengeri Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  40. Snow leopard Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  41. Snow partridge Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  42. Takin Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  43. Thermophis baileyi Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  44. Thitarodes Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  45. Thorold's deer Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  46. Tibetan antelope Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  47. Tibetan blue bear Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  48. Tibetan eared pheasant Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  49. Tibetan fox Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  50. Tibetan lark Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  51. Tibetan partridge Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  52. Tibetan sandgrouse Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  53. Tibetan snowcock Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  54. Tibetan snowfinch Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  55. Tibetan toad Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  56. Tibetan-English dictionary data (Rangjung Yeshe, Jim Valby, Ives Waldo, Dan Martin and Hopkins dictionaries) Christian Steinert, Tibetan-English-Sanskrit dictionary (GitHub data repository) · checked 2026-10-15
  57. Triplophysa stoliczkai Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  58. Upland buzzard Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  59. White eared pheasant Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  60. Wild yak Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  61. Woolly hare Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)

Plants

59 sources, one entry each; titles open the original.

Conservation assessments and listings

  1. Abies squamata: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2011
  2. Betula utilis: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2014
  3. Cupressus gigantea: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2013
  4. Dactylorhiza hatagirea: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2022
  5. Hippuris vulgaris: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2014
  6. Juniperus tibetica: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2013
  7. Nardostachys jatamansi: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2021
  8. Ophiocordyceps sinensis: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2020
  9. Picea likiangensis: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2013
  10. Three Himalayan Medicinal Plants Enter IUCN Red List Drishti IAS (news summary of the IUCN assessment) · 2022-12-10
  11. Tricholoma matsutake: IUCN Red List assessment IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · 2020

Research publications

  1. A Review of Swertia chirayita (Gentianaceae) as a Traditional Medicinal Plant Kumar and Van Staden, Frontiers in Pharmacology 6: 308 · 2016-01-12
  2. C:N:P stoichiometry in plant, soil and microbe in Sophora moorcroftiana shrubs across three sandy dune types in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River Dong, Yang, Wang, Xie, Ma and Wang, Frontiers in Plant Science 13: 1060686 · 2023-01-11
  3. Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo: A Critically Endangered Perennial Orchid from the North-West Himalayas Wani, Kumar, Verma, Jan and Rather, Plants 9(12): 1644 · 2020-11-25
  4. Demand, End-Uses, and Conservation of Alpine Medicinal Plant Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora (Pennell) D. Y. Hong in Central Himalaya Kafle, Bhattarai, Siwakoti and Shrestha, Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · 2018-06-19
  5. Functionally distinct assembly of vascular plants colonizing alpine cushions suggests their vulnerability to climate change Doležal, Dvorský et al., Annals of Botany 123(4): 569- · 2018-12-12
  6. Himalayan uplift shaped biomes in Miocene temperate Asia: evidence from leguminous Caragana Zhang, Xiang et al., Scientific Reports 6: 36528 · 2016-11-09
  7. Human-induced dwarfing of Himalayan snow lotus, Saussurea laniceps (Asteraceae) Law and Salick, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102(29): 10218-10220 · 2005
  8. Important Poisonous Plants in Tibetan Ethnomedicine Ma, Gu, Tang, Chen, Di and Long, Toxins 7(1): 138-155 · 2015-01-14
  9. Predicting habitat suitability for an endangered medicinal plant, Saussurea medusa: insights from ensemble species distribution models Guo, Bai et al., Frontiers in Plant Science · 2025-06-24
  10. Predicting the distribution of Stipa purpurea across the Tibetan Plateau via the MaxEnt model Ma and Sun, BMC Ecology 18: 10 · 2018-02-21
  11. Rangeland degradation on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau: a review of the evidence of its magnitude and causes Harris, R.B., Journal of Arid Environments 74(1): 1-12 · 2010
  12. Rhododendrons of Bhutan and Tibet collected by Ludlow and Sherriff J. M. Cowan, Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 19(94): 221-254 · 1937
  13. Sea Buckthorn in Plant Based Diets. An Analytical Approach of Sea Buckthorn Fruits Composition: Nutritional Value, Applications, and Health Benefits Gâtlan and Gutt, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18: 8986 · 2021-08-26
  14. Stellera chamaejasme roots as raw material for pulp production Li et al., BioResources 9(3): 4775- · 2014
  15. The demise of caterpillar fungus in the Himalayan region due to climate change and overharvesting Hopping, Chignell and Lambin, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 2018-10
  16. The Kobresia pygmaea ecosystem of the Tibetan highlands: origin, functioning and degradation of the world's largest pastoral alpine ecosystem Miehe et al., Science of the Total Environment 648: 754-771 (record at Penn State) · 2019
  17. The Mushrooming Fungi Market in Tibet Exemplified by Cordyceps sinensis and Tricholoma matsutake Winkler, D., Journal of the International Association of Tibetan Studies 4 (record in the Mandala/THL sources catalogue) · 2008
  18. Yartsa Gunbu (Cordyceps sinensis) and the Fungal Commodification of the Rural Economy in Tibet Winkler, D., Economic Botany 62(3): 291-305 (list of the author's publications) · 2008

Central Tibetan Administration

  1. Forestry in Tibet: Problems and Solutions (archived copy of the CTA's tibet.com environment pages) Central Tibetan Administration (CTA), Department of Information and International Relations · 2000-12-12

News and media

  1. Arura (glossary) Lama Yeshe Wisdom Archive
  2. Betula utilis (The Himalayan birch with many uses) Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Botanics Stories · 2017-06-16
  3. Deforestation in Eastern Tibet: Past and Present (in G.E. Clarke, ed., Development, Society and Environment in Tibet, IATS 1995) Daniel Winkler (author's publication page) · 1998
  4. Research progress on heteroterpene and meroterpenoid compounds from the Rhododendron genus and their NMR characterization and biological activity Mao, Yang, Li, Sun, Dong, Zhan and Chen, Frontiers in Pharmacology · 2025
  5. The resilient Himalayan blue poppy Horniman Museum and Gardens
  6. Tibetan Birchbark Manuscripts in the Serindian Collection of the IOM, RAS: Restoration and Identification Korosteleva and Sizova, Written Monuments of the Orient 10(1): 29- · 2024

Reference works

  1. Abies squamata Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  2. Cupressus gigantea Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  3. Delphinium brunonianum Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  4. Flora of China (eFloras) Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria
  5. Fritillaria cirrhosa Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  6. Juniperus tibetica Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  7. Matsutake Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  8. Meconopsis horridula Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  9. Nardostachys jatamansi Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  10. Ophiocordyceps sinensis Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  11. Pedicularis Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  12. Picea likiangensis Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  13. Primula florindae Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  14. Primula sikkimensis Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  15. Rheum nobile Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  16. Rhodiola crenulata Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  17. Saussurea gossypiphora Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  18. Saussurea laniceps Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  19. Saussurea obvallata Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  20. Terminalia chebula Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  21. Terminalia chebula (Flora of China treatment) Flora of China (eFloras), Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria
  22. Tibetan paper Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  23. Tibetan-English dictionary data (Rangjung Yeshe, Jim Valby, Ives Waldo, Dan Martin and Hopkins dictionaries) Christian Steinert, Tibetan-English-Sanskrit dictionary (GitHub data repository) · checked 2026-10-15

Natural resources

71 sources, one entry each; titles open the original.

Conservation assessments and listings

  1. Three Himalayan Medicinal Plants Enter IUCN Red List Drishti IAS (news summary of the IUCN assessment) · 2022-12-10

Research publications

  1. A new map of permafrost distribution on the Tibetan Plateau Zou et al., The Cryosphere 11: 2527-2542 · 2017
  2. Different glacier status with atmospheric circulations in Tibetan Plateau and surroundings Yao et al., Nature Climate Change · 2012
  3. Draining Effects on Recent Accumulation Rates of C and N in Zoige Alpine Peatland in the Tibetan Plateau Li et al., Water 10(5): 576 · 2018-04-28
  4. Human-induced dwarfing of Himalayan snow lotus, Saussurea laniceps (Asteraceae) Law and Salick, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102(29): 10218-10220 · 2005
  5. Podiform chromitites in the Luobusa ophiolite (southern Tibet): implications for melt-rock interaction and chromite segregation in the upper mantle Zhou et al., Journal of Petrology 37(1): 3-21 (record at the University of Hong Kong) · 1996
  6. Rangeland degradation on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau: a review of the evidence of its magnitude and causes Harris, R.B., Journal of Arid Environments 74(1): 1-12 · 2010
  7. The demise of caterpillar fungus in the Himalayan region due to climate change and overharvesting Hopping, Chignell and Lambin, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 2018-10
  8. The Kobresia pygmaea ecosystem of the Tibetan highlands: origin, functioning and degradation of the world's largest pastoral alpine ecosystem Miehe et al., Science of the Total Environment 648: 754-771 (record at Penn State) · 2019
  9. Yartsa Gunbu (Cordyceps sinensis) and the Fungal Commodification of the Rural Economy in Tibet Winkler, D., Economic Botany 62(3): 291-305 (list of the author's publications) · 2008

Central Tibetan Administration

  1. China eyes bolstering mining across Tibet (Dhondup Wangmo) Tibet Policy Institute (CTA) · 2021-12-14
  2. Forestry in Tibet: Problems and Solutions (archived copy of the CTA's tibet.com environment pages) Central Tibetan Administration (CTA), Department of Information and International Relations · 2000-12-12
  3. Landslide in Gyama Mine: Natural or Man-Made? Central Tibetan Administration (CTA), Environment and Development Desk · 2013-03-30
  4. Lichu River Poisoned Tibet Policy Institute (CTA) · 2016
  5. Mineral Exploitation in Tibet: The Extraction of Lithium and Copper Resources (Dhondup Wangmo) Tibet Policy Institute (CTA) · 2025-07-17
  6. The (degrading) third pole (Tenzin Norbu, Environment and Development Desk; first published in Seminar 644) Central Tibetan Administration (CTA), Department of Information and International Relations · 2013

Reports and official documents

  1. "No One Has the Liberty to Refuse": Tibetan Herders Forcibly Relocated in Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, and the Tibet Autonomous Region Human Rights Watch · 2007-06
  2. "They Say We Should Be Grateful": Mass Rehousing and Relocation Programs in Tibetan Areas of China Human Rights Watch · 2013-06-27
  3. 'Educate the Masses to Change Their Minds': China's Coercive Relocation of Rural Tibetans Human Rights Watch · 2024-05-22
  4. China: Free Detained Tibetan Demonstrators Human Rights Watch · 2024-02-28
  5. Chinese occupation of Tibet Free Tibet
  6. Disaster in Gyama draws attention to impact of mining in Tibet International Campaign for Tibet · 2013
  7. Landmark report on impacts of disappearing snow and ice in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HI-WISE) International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) · 2023-06-20
  8. Longyangxia Dam Solar Park NASA Earth Observatory · 2017
  9. Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Lithium U.S. Geological Survey · 2026-02
  10. Temporary halt to mining after protest in eastern Tibet; the rush to invest in Tibet's lithium International Campaign for Tibet · 2016-05
  11. Tibetan Copper Mine to Tap China's Largest Proven Reserve U.S. Congressional-Executive Commission on China · 2005-04-07
  12. Tibetans in Amchok protest mining project at holy Gong-ngon Lari mountain International Campaign for Tibet · 2016-06
  13. Written statement submitted by Society for Threatened Peoples (on the lower Yarlung Tsangpo hydropower project) United Nations Human Rights Council (NGO written statement) · 2025-02-17

Industry and market data

  1. Collaboration is unlocking China's Sichuan spodumene supply CRU Group · 2024
  2. Lakkor Tso salar, China Mining Weekly · 2026-04-10
  3. Tibet Mineral Gains on Plan to More Than Double Lithium Carbonate Output at Zabuye Salt Lake Yicai Global
  4. Tibet Mining's Zabuye battery grade lithium carbonate project begins trial production Asian Metal · 2024-07
  5. Zijin gets approval for Julong copper expansion Mining Technology

News and media

  1. China approves construction of mega-dam in Tibet Radio Free Asia · 2024-12-27
  2. China approves construction of world's largest hydropower dam in Tibet Water Power Magazine · 2024-12
  3. China building world's biggest hydropower dam: why India is worried South China Morning Post · 2025
  4. China Kicks Off Controversial Mega-Dam Project in Tibet Bloomberg · 2025-07-19
  5. China's dam-building spree disrupts Tibetan communities, threatens sacred sites The World (PRI) · 2017-06-26
  6. Deforestation in Eastern Tibet: Past and Present (in G.E. Clarke, ed., Development, Society and Environment in Tibet, IATS 1995) Daniel Winkler (author's publication page) · 1998
  7. Forestry, Floods and Hydroelectricity (1999) Daniel Winkler (author's publication page) · 1999
  8. Fungus caterpillars: Tibet's high-altitude gold National Geographic · 2011-04-27
  9. In Tibet, a 'Holy' Lake Is Site of Hydro Project The Christian Science Monitor · 1996-10-07
  10. Mining tragedy casts shadow over industrialising Tibetan plateau Dialogue Earth (formerly The Third Pole / chinadialogue) · 2013
  11. Thousands of Tibetans Protest Against Mine Radio Free Asia · 2013-05-28
  12. Tibetan Anti-Mine Protesters Assaulted, Beaten in Gansu Radio Free Asia · 2016-06-06

Reference works

  1. Chamdo
  2. Dêgê County
  3. Garzê County
  4. Gonghe County
  5. Jomda County
  6. Kangding
  7. Laggor Co (Q11076995)
  8. Lake Zabuye
  9. Lianghekou Dam
  10. Longyangxia Dam
  11. Maizhokunggar County
  12. Mêdog County
  13. Nagqu
  14. Ngawa County
  15. Nyingchi
  16. Qarhan Playa
  17. Qusum County
  18. Shangri-La, Yunnan
  19. Shannan, Tibet
  20. Talatan Solar Park Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  21. Xiahe County
  22. Yajiang County
  23. Yamdrok Lake (Q939604)
  24. Zangmu Dam Wikipedia (checked 2026-10-15)
  25. Zoigê County

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